http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode ABSTRACT With age, human skin undergoes a progressive decline in essential functions, including barrier protection, immunity, and wound healing capacity, which underlie many age-related skin diseases. Skin aging is not only driven by chronological aging, but also strongly influenced by extrinsic stressors, notably ultraviolet radiation, pollutants, and diet. Thus, understanding the complex interplay between these intrinsic and extrinsic factors is essential for developing strategies to preserve skin health across the lifespan. Given the growing appreciation for the physiologic differences between humans and animal models, more advanced in vitro and ex vivo models are needed to dissect the human-specific mechanisms of skin aging and test emerging therapies. In this review, we summarize the major hallmarks of human skin aging and provide an overview of current in vitro modeling approaches that capture both intrinsic and environmental aging mechanisms. Briganti, Stefania Camera, Emanuela Ciriza, Jesús Fernandez Carro, Estibaliz Jovanović Krivokuća, Milica Lamartine, Jerome Letsiou, Sophia Nacka-Aleksić, Mirjana Niessen, Carien M Oliva, Núria Pirković, Andrea Schosserer, Markus Tobin, Desmond J Cavinato, Maria Connelly, John T https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:38468 doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2026.103109 2026 Aging; Human skin; In vitro models; Organotypic; Senescence; Skin equivalent Elsevier, Netherlands application/pdf 82015 bytes Ageing Research Reviews info:eu-repo/semantics/review Modeling aging in a culture dish: towards the development of more sophisticated in vitro models of human skin aging eng