o:37746 Trichinellosis: A zoonosis that still requires vigilance en ABSTRACT Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease in humans caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella, usually acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, mainly from pigs or wild animals, containing infective larvae. Although often overlooked, this disease has affected humans for centuries and continues to be a public health concern in many parts of the world, especially where food safety measures are inadequate. In this millennium, significant progress has been made in understanding the disease pathophysiology and host immune response, mainly through experimental studies in rodents, while human pathophysiology and immune response still await elucidation. This review integrates current knowledge on the biology, transmission, and manifestations of trichinellosis, as well as challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The parasite’s life cycle involves an initial intestinal phase followed by systemic migration of larvae into striated muscles, where long-lasting cysts are established. The clinical presentation varies from mild gastrointestinal discomfort to severe systemic manifestations such as fever, periorbital edema, and muscle pain. In some cases, chronic symptoms, including fatigue and reduced muscle strength, may persist for years. Trichinella, infection, trichinellosis 1552099 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013944 1552101 1935-2735 2026-02-05T07:51:58.320Z 44 yes 46 Ivana Mitić University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia doktor medicinskih nauka-medicina 0000-0003-0330-4213 Alisa Gruden-Movsesijan University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia doktor bioloških nauka person 0000-0002-3061-5474 Saša Vasilev University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia doktor medicinskih nauka-veterina person 0000-0001-7870-2713 application/pdf 1056351 https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:37746 no yes 16 70 92000001 11A29 11A2904 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLOS 2026