https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:37312 doi:10.7251/SSH2501064B ISSN: 2232-8211 SPORTS SCIENCE AND HEALTHSPORTSKE NAUKE I ZDRAVLJE volume: 15 number: 1 startpage: 64 endpage: 74 Senad, Bajrić Aida, Bačić Bajrić Osmo, Bajrić Gordan, Bajić Vladan, Pelemiš info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2025 Keywords: spinal column, postural disorders, differences, students, Post Hock test. Ključne riječi: kičmeni stub, posturalni poremećaji, razlike, učenici, Post Hock test All rights reserved Panevropski univerzitet ’’Apeiron’’ Banja Luka/ Pan-European University ’’Apeiron’’ Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Abstract: The study was conducted on a sample of 146 respondents - lower grade elementary school students, chronological age 7 - 11 years old, in the urban area of the city of Banja Luka. The total sample of respondents was divided into five subsamples according to chronological age. The main objective of the study was to determine the frequency and structure of postural disorders of the spinal column in the studied sample of subjects, as well as the dif- ferences in the prevalence of postural disorders with respect to the chronological age of the subjects, using a transver- sal cross-section. To assess the prevalence and differences in postural disorders of the spinal column, disorders in the sagittal plane (kyphosis and lordosis) and disorders in the frontal plane (scoliosis) were analyzed. The degree of pos- tural disorders of the spinal column was determined using Contingency Tables - calculating frequencies (F) and per- centages (%). The statistical significance of the differences in the prevalence of postural disorders of the spinal column in the sagittal (kyphosis and lordosis) and frontal planes (scoliosis) in lower elementary school students was deter- mined using Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the differences in relation to their chronological age for each type of disorder were determined using the analysis of the results of the Post Hock comparison test. The degree of postural disorders of the spinal column determined by Contingency Tables - by calculating the frequency (F) and percentage (%) indicates a significant percentage of spinal column disorders (kyphosis 21.2%, scoliosis 19.9%, lordo- sis 19.2%), mainly in the first degree of deformation (minor deviation from the normal status), which allows for correc- tion of the condition with the application of adequate cor- rective exercises in working with students of this age. The results of the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that the prevalence of kyphosis is statistically significant at the level of statistical significance p<.007 and scoliosis p<.001 in the studied sample of students. The statistical sig- nificance of the prevalence of lordosis in the studied sample of students was not determined (p= .255). The results of the LSD Post Hock comparison test show that there is a statisti- cally significant difference in the prevalence of kyphosis and scoliosis between groups of students with regard to their chronological age. Sažetak: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 146 ispitanika-učenika nižih razreda osnovne škole, hrono- loške dobi 7 – 11 godina urbanog područja grada Ba- nja Luka. Ukupan uzorak ispitanika podijeljen je na pet subuzoraka u odnosu na hronološku dob. Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je da se transverzalnim presjekom utvrdi frekvencija i struktura posturalnih poremećaja kičmenog stuba kod ispitivanog uzorka ispitanika kao i razlike u zastupljenosti posturalnih poremećaja s obzirom na hronološku dob ispitanika. Za procjenu zastupljenosti i razlika posturalnih poremećaja kičmenog stuba analizi- rani su poremećaji u sagitalnoj ravni (kifoza i lordoza), te poremećaj u frontalnoj ravni (skolioza). Stepen postu- ralnih poremećaja kičmenog stuba utvrđen je Kontigen- cijskim tablicama – izračunom frekvencija (F) i postotka (%). Statistička značajnost razlika zastupljenosti postu- ralnih poremećaja kičmenog stuba u sagitalnoj (kifoza i lordoza) i frontalnoj ravni (skolioza) kod učenika nižih razreda osnovne škole utvrđena je primjenom Univari- jantne analize varijanse (ANOVA), a razlike u odnosu na njihovu hronološku dob za svaku vrstu poremećaja ponaosob utvrđena je primjenom analize rezultata Post Hock testa upoređivanja. Stepen posturalnih poremećaja kičmenog stuba utvrđivan Kontigencijskim tablicama – izračunavanjem frekvencije (F) i postotka (%) ukazuje na značajan postotak zastupljenosti poremećaja kičme- nog stuba (kifoza 21,2%, skolioza 19,9%, lordoza19,2%) i to uglavnom u prvom stepenu deformacija (manje od- stupanje od normalnog statusa), što omogućava korek- ciju stanja uz primjenu adekvatnih korektivnih vježbi u radu sa učenicima ovog uzrasta. Rezultati univarijantne analize Varijanse (ANOVA) pokazuju da je zastupljenost kifoze statistički značajna na nivou statističke značaj- nosti p<.007 i skolioze p<.001 kod ispitivanog uzorka učenika. Statistička značajnost zastupljenosti lordoze kod ispitivanog uzorka učenika nije utvrđena (p= .255). Rezultati LSD Post Hock testa upoređivanja pokazuju da postoji statistički značajna razlika zastupljenosti kifoze i skolioze između grupa učenika s obzirom na njihovu hronološku dob. application/pdf 628975 bytes Differences in the Prevalence of Postural Disorders of the Spine in Lower Grades of Elementary School Students Razlike u zastupljenosti posturalnih poremećaja kičmenog stuba kod učenika nižih razreda osnovne škole eng