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    <ns1:title language="en">Construction of a scale measuring primary teachers’ self-efficacy to teach STEAM: the STEAM-TSES</ns1:title>
    <ns1:language>en</ns1:language>
    <ns1:description language="en">https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.1519327/full </ns1:description>
    <ns1:description language="en">The STEAM-TSES was developed to measure teachers’ self-efficacy (TSE) in teaching
STEAM disciplines due to the lack of instruments measuring specific TSE dimensions,
especially in STEAM education. This paper presents the validation results based
on a sample of 805 Portuguese and Serbian primary school teachers. The scale
comprises 36 items measuring TSE related to mathematics, biology, chemistry,
science, and arts, the ability to motivate students, and confidence in integrating
STEAM disciplines. The measurement model tested through Exploratory Structural
Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed an acceptable fit to
the data, supporting the existence of nine factors: five related to TSE in teaching
specific subjects, three focused on motivating students in mathematics, science, and
arts, and one related to integrated teaching. The analyses show good psychometric
characteristics of the STEAM-TSES, and the correlations with the TSE scale indicate
the validity of distinguishing constructs associated with STEAM education.
</ns1:description>
    <ns1:keyword language="en">teachers’ self-efficacy, STEAM, primary school, scale development, scale validation</ns1:keyword>
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      <ns2:identifier>10.3389/feduc.2024.1519327</ns2:identifier>
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        <ns3:firstname>Ivana </ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Stepanović Ilić</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:firstname>Francisco</ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Peixoto</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:firstname>Milana</ns3:firstname>
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        <ns3:institution>Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia</ns3:institution>
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        <ns3:lastname>Castro Silva</ns3:lastname>
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        <ns3:firstname>Vera </ns3:firstname>
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  <ns12:digitalbook>
    <ns12:name_magazine language="en">Frontiers in Education</ns12:name_magazine>
    <ns12:volume>9</ns12:volume>
    <ns12:from_page>1</ns12:from_page>
    <ns12:to_page>7</ns12:to_page>
    <ns12:publisher>Frontiers Media</ns12:publisher>
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