eng Stepanović Ilić, Ivana Peixoto, Francisco Dabić Boričić, Milana Castro Silva, Jose Ferreira, Nadia Monteiro, Vera 2024 Construction of a scale measuring primary teachers’ self-efficacy to teach STEAM: the STEAM-TSES https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.1519327/full The STEAM-TSES was developed to measure teachers’ self-efficacy (TSE) in teaching STEAM disciplines due to the lack of instruments measuring specific TSE dimensions, especially in STEAM education. This paper presents the validation results based on a sample of 805 Portuguese and Serbian primary school teachers. The scale comprises 36 items measuring TSE related to mathematics, biology, chemistry, science, and arts, the ability to motivate students, and confidence in integrating STEAM disciplines. The measurement model tested through Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed an acceptable fit to the data, supporting the existence of nine factors: five related to TSE in teaching specific subjects, three focused on motivating students in mathematics, science, and arts, and one related to integrated teaching. The analyses show good psychometric characteristics of the STEAM-TSES, and the correlations with the TSE scale indicate the validity of distinguishing constructs associated with STEAM education. Frontiers Media teachers’ self-efficacy, STEAM, primary school, scale development, scale validation application/pdf 284723 bytes info:eu-repo/semantics/article https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:36355 doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1519327 ISSN: 2504-284X Frontiers in Education volume: 9 startpage: 1 endpage: 7 All rights reserved