eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode info:eu-repo/semantics/article Sabljić, Ljiljana Radulović, Nataša Djokić, Jelena Stojanović, Dušica B. Radojević, Dušan Glamočlija, Sofija Dinić, Miroslav Golić, Nataša Vasilev, Saša Uskoković, Petar Sofronić-Milosavljević, Ljiljana Gruden-Movsesijan, Alisa Tomić, Sergej Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Dovepress Taylor & Francis Group application/pdf 15524041 bytes electrospinning, PLGA nanofibers, drug delivery, tolerogenic cells, immune modulation, gut microbiota International Journal of Nanomedicine volume: 20 startpage: 1921 endpage: 1948 https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:36023 doi:10.2147/IJN.S499161 2025 ABSTRACT Purpose: Trichinella spiralis has evolved complex immunomodulatory mechanisms mediated by excretory-secretory products (ESL1) that enable its survival in the host. Consequently, ESL1 antigens display excellent potential for treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether timely controlled delivery of ESL1 antigens in vivo, as in natural infections, could enhance its therapeutic potential for MS is still unknown. Methods: To test this, we encapsulated ESL1 antigens into biodegradable poly (lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanofibers by emulsion electrospinning as a delivery system and assessed their release dynamics in vitro, and in an animal MS model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), induced 7 days after PLGA/ESL1 subcutaneous implantation. PLGA/ESL1 effects on EAE symptoms were monitored along with multiple immune cell subsets in target organs at the peak and recovery of EAE. Gut barrier function and microbiota composition were analyzed using qPCR, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomic analyses.