o:36017 Trichinella spiralis extracellular vesicles induce anti-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses in vitro en ABSTRACT The helminth Trichinella spiralis, through its excretory-secretory (ES L1) products, induces immune regulatory mechanisms that modulate the host's immune response not only to itself, but also to bystander antigens, foreign or self in origin, which can result in the alleviation of inflammatory diseases. Under the influence of ES L1, dendritic cells (DCs) acquire a tolerogenic phenotype and the capacity to induce Th2 and regulatory responses. Since ES L1 products represent a complex mixture of proteins and extracellular vesicles (TsEVs) the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of TsEVs, isolated from ES L1 products, on phenotypic and functional characteristics of DCs and to elucidate whether TsEVs could reproduce the immunomodulatory effects of the complete ES L1 product. Monocyte-derived DCs treated with TsEVs acquired semi-matured phenotypes, characterized by low expression of human leukocyte antigen - DR isotype (HLA-DR), cluster of differentiation (CD) 86 (CD86), and CD40, moderate expression of CD83 and C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), and increased expression of tolerogenic markers indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) and immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3), together with the unchanged production of IL-12 and IL-23, and elevated production of IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, compared with controls. ES L1 products; Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Immunomodulation; Regulatory T cells; Tolerogenic dendritic cells; Trichinella spiralis 1552099 10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.01.008 2025-03-17T07:39:54.403Z 44 yes 46 Sofija Glamočlija University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia 0000-0003-0497-5852 Maja Kosanović University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia doktor bioloških nauka person 0000-0002-1143-1805 Alisa Gruden-Movsesijan University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia doktor bioloških nauka person 0000-0002-3061-5474 Nataša Radulović Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia person Jelena Đokić Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering IMGGE, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia person Sergej Tomić University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia doktor bioloških nauka person 0000-0003-2570-1295 Ljiljana Sabljić University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia person 0000-0001-6027-591X application/pdf 124408 https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:36017 no yes 1 70 92000001 11A29 11A2904 11A26 11A21 International Journal for Parasitology Elsevier Ltd. 2025