
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/">
  <dc:subject xml:lang="eng">antioxidants, natural deep eutectic solvents, phenolics, ultrasound, wild thyme </dc:subject>
  <dc:creator id="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-3598">Plećić, Ana</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator id="https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4016-3882">Rakin, Sandra</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator id="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2941-188X">Mladjenović, Lidija</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator id="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-1636">Gnjatović, Marija</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator id="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-0125">Jovanović, Aleksandra A.</dc:creator>
  <dc:identifier>https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:34256</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>ISBN: 978-86-7834-438-1</dc:identifier>
  <dc:title xml:lang="eng">Ultrasound and natural deep eutectic solvents as tools for improving extraction yield and antioxidant potential of wild thyme extracts</dc:title>
  <dc:source>Utrasound and natural deep eutectic solvents as tools for improving extraction yield and antioxidant potential of wild thyme extracts</dc:source>
  <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode</dc:rights>
  <dc:date>2024</dc:date>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:description xml:lang="eng">The aerial part of wild thyme has widespread use in traditional medicine for treating gastrointestinal 
and respiratory disorders, rheumatism, menstrual pain, wounds, and eczema. Its extracts possess 
antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. 
Ultrasound extraction is a novel procedure used to isolate various plant bioactive compounds, due 
to the increased extraction yield, fast kinetics, and simple operation. Furthermore, natural deep 
eutectic solvents can increase phenolic recovery from plant matrix. In the present research, the 
extracts were prepared using dried wild thyme herb and water, 35% ethanol, or two types of natural 
deep eutectic solvents with 50 % water - betaine+citric acid and citric acid+saccharose in an 
ultrasound bath. The obtained extracts were characterized via analyzing the total phenolic and 
flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS⦁+ and DPPH⦁ 
assays). The TPC of water, ethanol, betaine+citric acid, and citric acid+saccharose extracts were 
25.08±2.3, 27.5±1.2, 30.2±2.9, and 28.1±3.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dried plant 
material, respectively. At the same time, the TFC values amounted to 10.5±0.8, 13.1±1.3, 1.0±0.5, 
and 2.8±0.1 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g of dried plant material, respectively. In the ABTS⦁+ 
assay, antioxidant activity was 7.7±1.0 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g of dried plant material (water 
extract), 8.5±0.9 µmol TE/g (ethanol extract), 10.8±0.11 µmol TE/g (betaine+citric acid extract), 
and 17.0±0.7 µmol TE/g (citric acid+saccharose extract). DPPH radical scavenging capacity was 
expressed as IC50 (concentration of the extract required to neutralize 50% of free DPPH radicals); 
IC50 was 4.3±0.2 mg/mL for water extract, 4.0±0.5 mg/mL for ethanol extract, 3.5±0.2 mg/mL for 
betaine+citric acid extract, and 2.9±0.1 mg/mL for citric acid+saccharose extract. pH values for 
ethanol, betaine+citric acid, and citric acid+saccharose extracts were 6.97, 6.18, 2.47, and 1.60, 
respectively. Due to higher ABTS⦁+ and DPPH⦁ scavenging activity, wild thyme extract obtained 
using citric acid and saccharose with 50% water compared to water, ethanol, and betaine+citric acid 
extracts was favored as an ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products. </dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:format>474910 bytes</dc:format>
  <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceProceedings</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>