o:33912 Vaccinium myrtillus L. Leaf Waste as a Source of Biologically Potent Compounds: Optimization of Polyphenol Extractions, Chemical Profile, and Biological Properties of the Extracts en The aims of the present research include (1) optimization of extraction from Vaccinium myrtillus leaf waste via investigation of plant material:medium ratio, extraction medium, and extraction period, employing extractions at room and high temperatures, or using ultrasound and microwaves (M, HAE, UAE, and MAE, respectively), (2) physicochemical characterization, and (3) investigation of extract biological potential. The statistical analysis revealed that optimal levels of parameters for the greatest polyphenolic yield were a proportion of 1:30 g/mL, ethyl alcohol 50% (v/v) during 2 min of microwave irradiation. By LC-MS analysis, 29 phenolic components were detected; HAE showed the highest richness of almost all determined polyphenols, while chlorogenic acid and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide were dominant. All extracts showed a high inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth. The effect of different parameters on extracts’ antioxidant capacity depended on the used tests. The extracts also showed a stimulative influence on keratinocyte viability and anti-inflammatory activity (proven in cell-based ELISA and erythrocyte stabilization assays). The extraction procedure significantly affected the extraction yield (MAE ≥ maceration ≥ UAE ≥ HAE), whereas conductivity, density, surface tension, and viscosity varied in a narrow range. The presented research provides evidence on the optimal extraction conditions and technique, chemical composition, and antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and keratinocyte viability properties of bilberry extracts for potential applications in pharmacy and cosmetics. anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; cytotoxicity; optimization; polyphenolic compounds; bilberry; waste 1552099 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060740 2024-06-03T11:36:29.023Z 44 yes 46 Muna Elferjane Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade Violeta Milutinovic University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy person Milica Jovanović Krivokuća University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia doktor bioloških nauka person 0000-0001-8292-4853 Mohammad Taherzadeh Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås person Witold Pietrzak Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences person Aleksandar Marinkovic University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy person Aleksandra A. Jovanovic University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Serbia doktor tehnoloških nauka person 0000-0001-5394-0125 application/pdf 2240633 https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:33912 no yes 16 70 92000001 11A13 11A41 11A29 11A2901 11A29 11A2910 Vaccinium myrtillus L. Leaf Waste as a Source of Biologically Potent Compounds: Optimization of Polyphenol Extractions, Chemical Profile, and Biological Properties of the Extracts 740 Pharmaceutics 16 6 740 Pharmaceutics, Natural Pharmaceuticals Focused on Anti-inflammatory Activities Basel, Switzerland MDPI 2024