o:31662 NARATIVI SEĆANJA: HOLOKAUST NA EKRANIMA BIVŠE JUGOSLAVIJE MEMORY NARRATIVES: HOLOCAUST ON TV SCREENS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA sr Poređenje kritičke recepcije i odjeka – kroz analize TV kritika, feljtona, polemika u štampi, odnosno u digitalnim medijima (veb-sajtovi, blogovi itd.) – američkih (mega)serija Holokaust (1978, Holocaust: The Story of the Family Weiss, Marvin Chomsky), Vetrovi rata (1983, The Winds of War, Dan Curtis, ABC) i Rat i sećanja (1988, War and Remembrance, Dan Curtis, ABC) otkriva promene reprezentacijskih i narativnih obrazaca sećanja te njihovo dinamično mesto u vizuelnoj kulturi, koje omogućava da (pri)povesti Holokausta postanu temelj „novog kosmopolitskog sećanja“ (Levy i Sznaider 2002: 87) na način i u meri u kojoj je to moguće na prostorima bivše Jugoslavije. Prepoznate, u svetskim okvirima, kao tačke preokreta pripovedanja jedinstvene istorijske traume, TV serije su ostvarile trostruki uticaj prilagođen specifičnostima lokalnog konteksta u menjajućim društvenim okolnostima u zemljama nekadašnje SFRJ. Najpre su, u trenutku emitovanja i repriziranja, neposredno povećale vidljivost Holokausta, inače gurnutog na margine sećanja i istorije Drugog svetskog rata. Potom su decenijskim trajanjem u sećanju javnosti delovale na promenu politike sećanja na Holokaust, ali i šire ‒ na politiku sećanja na uporediva zbivanja nacionalne istorije, poput onih tokom ratova devedestih godina prošlog veka. Konačno, prihvaćene kao paradigma uspešnih TV serija, dodatno su podržale (uz podrazumevane „novoosvojene“ poetike, stilove i naracije filmova) preobražaj lokalnih (i)storija Šoa od „neutralnih“ narativa smrti – kao samo jedne od vrsta priča o socijalističkoj revoluciji – u holivudske i holivudizovane narative preživljavanja, koji su obeležili milenijum. No other event in the history of the world has been so extensively researched and narrativised across a series of different inter/national media as the Shoah. One of the key moments in the revival of the theme is the American miniseries Holocaust: The Story of the Family Weiss (Marvin Chomsky, NBC), which premiered in 1978. Since, in the Western Balkans, the miniseries officially aired as late as 2009, the revival of the Holocaust narratives in the former Yugoslavia was marked by different American TV series: The Winds of War (Dan Curtis, ABC, 1983) and War and Remembrance (Dan Curtis, ABC, 1988). Broadcasted in vastly different contexts – the first one in the period of social freedom after the death of Josip Broz Tito (1986) and the second one on the eve of the wars that lead up to the break-up of the former Yugoslavia (1990/1991) – each played a distinctive role in the re-articulation of the traumatic past as well as in the making of the interpretative frame of reference for contemporary historical events. The paper considers three different ways in which the two series influenced the region, i.e. how they: a) enhanced the visibility of the Holocaust, previously pushed to the margins of history and memory of WW2; b) reshaped the local politics of memory from understanding the Holocaust as a transnational and “new cosmopolitan memory” to its manipulative appropriation as “remembering for the sake of benefit”. The latter implies identification of the nation with innocent victims which changes the attitude toward the past and the politics of remembrance. At the same time, it liberates the nation from the imperative of coming to terms with the nation’s troubled past; c) influenced the transformation of the local (hi)stories of the Shoah into Hollywoodised narratives of survival, which marked the new millennium. The paper finally examines the reception of the series which paved the way for change, by the press when the series first aired on TV, and in digital media (websites, blogs, etc.) when they were rebroadcast. Ključne reči: Holokaust, TV serije, narativi sećanja, transnacionalno sećanje, politika sećanja Keywords: Holocaust, TV series, memory narratives, transnational memory, politics of memory 1552101 0503-1583 (Tisak) 1552101 1849-1693 (Online) 2023-11-10T10:34:22.405Z 44 yes 46 Nevena Daković Fakultet dramskih umetnosti u Beogradu 0000-0001-9704-0727 46 Aleksandra Milovanović Fakultet dramskih umetnosti u Beogradu 0000-0002-1565-5371 application/pdf 183852 https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:31662 no yes 1 70 92000001 111A01 Umjetnost riječi : časopis za znanost o književnosti, izvedbenoj umjetnosti i filmu 60 1-2 siječanj – lipanj 1 26 Zagreb Hrvatsko filološko društvo 2016