o:29603 Smeh ili borba za nezavisnost: Frensis Hopkinson i američki Rat za nezavisnost LAUGHTER OR THE FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE: FRANCIS HOPKINSON AND THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE sr Sažetak: Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je uloga i razvoj komike i komičnog u američkom revolucionarnom periodu kroz analizu patriotskih satira, pesama i eseja Frensisa Hopkinsona, jednog od najistaknutijih autora ovog perioda. Pretpostavljajući da sunarodnicima možda ne može da pomogne puškom, ali da im snagom svojih reči može i želi da pomogne, Frensis Hopkinson je obeležio svaki važan događaj sukoba sa Velikom Britanijom i borbe za nezavisnost. Izlažući strane neprijatelje Britance, ali i unutrašnje, lojaliste, podrugljivom podsmehu Hopkinson je pokazao značaj komike i komičnog koji su bili predmet mnogobrojnih teorijskih razmatranja od najstarijih vremena pa sve do modernog doba. Polazeći od studije Vladimira Propa, Problemi komike i smeha, čiji je najveći deo posvećen različitim oblicima podsmešljive komike, ovaj rad kroz analizu odabranih Hopkinsonovih dela posmatra ulogu koju je smeh/podsmeh odigrao u oslikavanju ljudskih nedostataka i slabosti pripadnika britanskih vojnih snaga i američkih lojalista. Ukrštanjem teksta Hopkinsonovih dela i konteksta američkog Rata za nezavisnost daje se uvid u jedno novo patriotsko viđenje američkog revolucionarnog perioda, koje je zbog Hopkinsonovih konzervativnih stavova pred kraj života godinama bilo izvan kanona i u senci Filipa Frenoa. Abstract: What all literary critics agree on is that literary works have always had a duty to serve society. The goal of literature, but also of any other work of art is not only to express personal feelings and to provide an aesthetic experience but to influence the general good of people. Thus, the first authors on the ground of America, representing Aristotle’s postulates, emphasized both the aesthetic and the didactic side of literature. It is widely known that war conflicts are not immediately promoted by the increase in the number of literary works. However, when we talk about the American War of Independence, it can be said that the feathers were not inactive for a long time during the birth of the American nation. The writings that appeared before, during, and after the revolutionary war were inspired by strong emotions woken up by the time, by anger, fury, but also by laughter and ridicule, which some authors resorted to as more appropriate weapons in that struggle with words and not with arms. At first, the potential, and later, a certain revolution made the authors define themselves, their opponents, and the nature of the conflict itself in a way that remains intriguing and powerful over two hundred years later. The subject of this paper is the role and the development of comic in the American revolutionary period through the analysis of patriotic satires, poetry, and essays by Francis Hopkinson, one of the most prominent authors of this period. Starting with the premise that he might not be able to help his countrymen with his rifle, but that with the power of his words he could and would help, Frances Hopkinson marked every major event of the conflict with the United Kingdom and the struggle for independence. Exposing the foreign enemies, the British, but also the internal, the loyalists, to sneering mockery, Hopkinson showed the importance of the comic, which has been the subject of many theoretical considerations from the ancient times up to the modern age. Starting from Vladimir Propp’s study, The Problems of Comic and Laughter, most of which is devoted to various forms of mocking comedy, this paper examines the role that laughter/mockery played in depicting the human shortcomings and weaknesses of British military forces and US loyalists through an analysis of the selected Hopkinson’s works. In addition to his great contribution as a poet in the struggle for independence, Hopkinson is also credited with being the first American opera writer, but also as a man who is credited with today’s appearance of the American flag, its stripes and stars. Interviewing the text of his works and the context of the American War of Independence gives an insight into a new patriotic vision of the American revolutionary period, which, due to Hopkinson’s conservative attitudes, was, for years, out of the American literary canon and in the shadow of Philip Freneau. Ključne reči: podsmeh, balade, pamfleti, razvoj štampe, Rat za nezavisnost, vigovci, torijevci Keywords: mockery; ballads; pamphlets; development of the press; War of Independence; whigs; tories. 1552100 978-86-6349-151-9 91552100 23459337 1552102 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YtAsJuzfEMe12XbR3aUmIqwyzuPhtYN2/view 2023-05-18T12:39:56.217Z 44 no 46 Violeta Janjatović Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru 0000-0002-9169-1358 application/pdf 282583 https://phaidrabg.bg.ac.rs/o:29603 no yes 17 70 92000004 20A01 Nauka bez granica 3 105 123 2020